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Nucleon Form Factors

Laser Driven Target
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Principle of Operation:  The heated ampoule introduces potassium into the spincell, which is optically pumped with circular polarized light.  Hydrogen molecules are broken up in the dissociator and enter the spincell as atomic hydrogen. 
 
 

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The spin angular momentum is transfered from the potassium to the hydrogen through spin exchange collisions.  Spin is also transfered from the hydrogen electrons to the nucleus through the hyperfine interaction.  As the system reaches spin temperature equilibrium, the hydrogen atomic and nuclear polarizations will be equal.
 
 

Experimental Setup
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Components:  a) hydrogen bottle,  b) mass flow control,   c) RF dissociator,  d) potassium ampoule,  e) spincell,  f) torlon oven,  g) target cell,  h) blank gasket aperatures,  i) gate valve,  j) shutter,  k) permanent sextupole magnet,  l) chopper,  m) quadrupole mass analyzer,  n) non-evaporable getter pump,  o) 1000 l/s turbo pump,  p) 300 l/s ion pumps,  q) 0.1T holding field coils,  r) 20W argon ion laser,  s) 3W Ti:Saphire laser,  t) wavemeter,  u) beam expander,  v) 1/4 waveplate,  w) polarization preserving mirrors,  x) power meter.
 
 

Dissociation as a Function of Flow Rate

We optimized operation of the hydrogen dissociator by varying the size of the exit aperature of various test dissociators.  This affects the gas pressure inside of the dissociator.  The top 6 curves show the atomic fraction straight from the dissociator, with each curve peaking at about 200 mTorr.  The black curve shows the dissociation measured in the target cell for the most recent spincell.
 
 

Spincell Temperature Dependence

It is important to heat up the spincell and target cell so that potassium does not condense on the surface.  This plot shows the dissociation measured in the target cell, as 1) the spincell is heated up from room temperature (blue), and then kept at 180 degrees Celsius while 2) potassium is introduced into the spincell by heating the ampoule.  The design goal is to have 60% dissociation with potassium in the spin cell.
 
 

First Polarization Measurement

These are preliminary polarization measurements.  The pink curve shows the mass 1 signal detected by the QMA after filtering out the spin -1/2 state with the sextupole magnet.  There is a peak and a valey, corresponding to positive and negative hydrogen nuclear polarization.  The blue curve shows absorption of the laser at the positive and negative helicity resonances of potassium.  There should be only one peak in each graph, corresponding to the helicity of the laser.  However, the polarization preserving mirrors had a manufacture defect, leaving the beam with only 88% polarization.  Thus, the measured polarization was only between 20-25%.  We expect improved performance once these mirrors are replaced.

maintainer:  Chris Crawford 617-253-6734
last modified:  2001 April 23